Most of the events listed here are regular. Some happen weekly, others monthly, and a few annually. A number of important events, such as those celebrating the wetonan/tingalan or 'birthdays' of the rulers, are tied to the Javanese 35-day cycle, which results from combining the familiar seven-day week (minggu or wuku) with the Javanese five-day 'market' (pasaran) week. Days in this 35-day weton cycle are defined by two names (Minggu-Legi, etc.) as shown in the table below. There is no specific starting date in the 35-day cycle: the numbers in the table are given purely for convenience. Some days in the cycle, e.g. Selasa-Kliwon, are of special significance.
Regular musical events are liable to be cancelled during Ramadhan/Puasa (see below), and sometimes around public holidays such as Independence Day (17 August) and New Year's Day. In the palaces, gamelan are not played on Jum'at.
In Indonesia the days are reckoned from sunset. The word malam means 'night'. When put in front of the name of a day, it must be understood as 'eve of': thus malam Selasa is Monday evening.
|
|
|
Minggu day |
Pasaran day |
|
|
|
Minggu day |
Pasaran day |
|
1 |
Sunday |
Minggu |
Legi |
|
19 |
Thursday |
Kamis |
Wagé |
|
2 |
Monday |
Senin |
Paing |
|
20 |
Friday |
Jum’at |
Kliwon |
|
3 |
Tuesday |
Selasa |
Pon |
|
21 |
Saturday |
Sabtu |
Legi |
|
4 |
Wednesday |
Rabu |
Wagé |
|
22 |
Sunday |
Minggu |
Paing |
|
5 |
Thursday |
Kamis |
Kliwon |
|
23 |
Monday |
Senin |
Pon |
|
6 |
Friday |
Jum’at |
Legi |
|
24 |
Tuesday |
Selasa |
Wagé |
|
7 |
Saturday |
Sabtu |
Paing |
|
25 |
Wednesday |
Rabu |
Kliwon |
|
8 |
Sunday |
Minggu |
Pon |
|
26 |
Thursday |
Kamis |
Legi |
|
9 |
Monday |
Senin |
Wagé |
|
27 |
Friday |
Jum’at |
Paing |
|
10 |
Tuesday |
Selasa |
Kliwon |
|
28 |
Saturday |
Sabtu |
Pon |
|
11 |
Wednesday |
Rabu |
Legi |
|
29 |
Sunday |
Minggu |
Wagé |
|
12 |
Thursday |
Kamis |
Paing |
|
30 |
Monday |
Senin |
Kliwon |
|
13 |
Friday |
Jum’at |
Pon |
|
31 |
Tuesday |
Selasa |
Legi |
|
14 |
Saturday |
Sabtu |
Wagé |
|
32 |
Wednesday |
Rabu |
Paing |
|
15 |
Sunday |
Minggu |
Kliwon |
|
33 |
Thursday |
Kamis |
Pon |
|
16 |
Monday |
Senin |
Legi |
|
34 |
Friday |
Jum’at |
Wagé |
|
17 |
Tuesday |
Selasa |
Paing |
|
35 |
Saturday |
Sabtu |
Kliwon |
|
18 |
Wednesday |
Rabu |
Pon |
|
|
|
|
|
Other events are tied to the Javanese or Islamic calendars (which are not identical), the years being given as AJ or AH respectively. These calendars are lunar rather than solar, with 12 months of 29 or 30 days in a year. The length of the year is 354 days, or 355 for a leap year. Therefore dates and events precess back by about 11 days each year in terms of the Gregorian calendar. The full details of how these calendars work are extremely complicated, and even open to some disagreement. Programs for converting dates from one calendar to another will be found, together with other relevant information, at www.anu.edu.au/asianstudies/ahcen/proudfoot/Takwim.html
|
|
Javanese/Islamic names |
Days |
1 |
Surå, Muhar(r)am |
30 |
2 |
Sapar, S(y)afar |
29; 30 b |
3 |
Mulud/Maulud/Maulid, Rabi(ng)ul-awal |
30; 29 b |
4 |
Bakdå Mulud, Rabi(ng)ul Tsani, Rabi(ng)ul-ak(h)ir |
29 |
5 |
Jumadilawal, Jumadil Ula |
30; 29 b |
6 |
Jumadilak(h)ir, Jumadil Tsaniya |
29 |
7 |
Rejeb, Rajab |
30 |
8 |
Ru(w)ah, Arwah, S(y)a’ban |
29 |
9 |
Pu(w)åså/Påså, Siyam, Ramad(h)an, Ramelan |
30 |
10 |
Sawal, Syaw(w)al |
29 |
11 |
Selå, Apit, Dulkangidah, Zulkaedah |
30 |
12 |
Besar, Dulkijah, Zulhi(j)jah, Dulkaji |
29 a; 30 b |
a. 30 in leap years. b. In Dal years from 1675 AJ onwards.
The Javanese New Year is called Satu Surå. The principal annual religious festivals celebrated by the royal courts of Solo and Yogya are:
Date |
Javanese/Indonesian name |
Arabic name |
English description |
5–12 Mulud |
Sekatèn week |
— |
— |
12 Mulud |
Maulud/maulid Nabi Muhammad |
Birthday of prophet Muhammad |
|
1–30 Puåså |
Puåså |
Ramadhan |
Fasting month |
1–3 Sawal |
Lebaran, Hari Raya, Garebeg Puåså, Garebeg Sawal, etc. |
Id ul-Fitri |
End of fasting |
10–13 Dulkijah |
Garebeg Besar, Garebeg Haji, Lebaran Haji |
Id ul-Adha, Idul-Korban |
Feast of Abraham’s sacrifice |
Conversions for the Muslim calendar are not included here because they are usually given in diaries/Filofax pages in the West. However, since calendars are interpreted in different ways, the events listed above are not always celebrated on the days that might be expected: discrepancies of one or two days are possible.
|
|
|